home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- <text id=94TT1473>
- <title>
- Oct. 31, 1994: Business:Cable Gets Dished
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
- Oct. 31, 1994 New Hope for Public Schools
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- BUSINESS, Page 44
- Cable Gets Dished
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> As receivers shrink and channels multiply, direct-to-home satellites
- pose a fresh challenge to cable TV
- </p>
- <p>By Richard Zoglin--Reported by Tom Curry/New York, David S. Jackson/San Francisco
- and Richard Woodbury/Denver
- </p>
- <p> They have been around for a couple of decades, clunky-looking
- status symbols from an era before Al Gore had even heard of
- the information highway. The sight of a 6-ft. satellite dish
- on the front lawn traditionally signaled one of two things:
- here is a house so far away from civilization that the cable
- company won't even bother coming, or here is a homeowner rich
- enough to afford the most expensive toy in the media supermarket.
- </p>
- <p> That is changing fast. Direct-to-home satellite broadcasting
- is making a fresh bid for a share of the television market--not just people in the boondocks but city and suburban dwellers
- as well who already subscribe to cable. A new generation of
- satellites, sending out signals over the high-power Ku-band
- (rather than the old C-band, which most current dishes utilize),
- combined with digital compression technology, has made it possible
- to bring in many more channels with much smaller dishes--the
- size of an extra-large pizza. With prices coming down too, home
- satellite dishes are becoming a viable alternative for viewers
- unhappy with cable. "There's no denying that a significant number
- of people have had it with the TV they're getting right now,"
- says Eddy Hartenstein, president of DirecTV, the satellite-programming
- unit of GM Hughes Electronics. Enthuses satellite-TV pioneer
- Stanley Hubbard: "Once consumer expectations change, they never
- go back. Digital satellite is changing consumer expectations
- forever."
- </p>
- <p> Cable finds itself in a vulnerable position because, at least
- temporarily, it is lagging behind in the perennial game of technological
- leapfrog. Nearly every major cable company is developing sophisticated
- new fiber-optic technology that will ultimately deliver hundreds
- of channels and permit full interactivity--enabling viewers
- to order programs on demand, buy merchandise at the touch of
- a button and "talk back" to the set in a host of other ways.
- But this much vaunted technology is still years away from nationwide
- operation. For now, most cable customers must settle for 40
- or 50 channels of traditional programming, technology that in
- many older systems badly needs upgrading--and, in many cases,
- an annoying busy signal when they call their local cable company
- for service.
- </p>
- <p> This has created a window of opportunity for potential rivals.
- (These rivals received a significant boost from the 1992 Cable
- Act, which requires that cable programmers like HBO and Showtime
- offer their services to any competing delivery system at comparable
- prices.) The oldest of these competitors is so-called wireless
- cable, which collects programming with large satellite dishes
- and sends it to homes via microwave transmitters. Wireless companies
- provide a low-cost alternative to cable in a number of cities,
- such as Houston, New York City and Cleveland, Ohio, but have
- traditionally been hampered by limited capacity (only about
- 30 channels in most systems). But wireless operators, like cable,
- are preparing to upgrade to digital technology, which could
- expand their capacity to 250 channels, making it more attractive
- to potential customers.
- </p>
- <p> A more serious challenge to cable may come from direct-broadcast
- satellites (DBS). A consortium of telecommunications companies
- that includes GM Hughes Electronics, RCA/Thomson and Hubbard
- Broadcasting has just completed a nationwide roll-out of its
- Digital Satellite System, which offers 150 channels to customers
- who buy and install a home dish only 18 in. in diameter. Though
- the hardware is still relatively expensive--between $700 and
- $900, down from $2,000 to $3,000 for older big dishes--the
- monthly cost of various channel packages is comparable to cable's.
- The chief competitor to DSS is Primestar, a four-year-old venture
- co-owned by General Electric and six cable operators (among
- them Time Warner). It requires a larger dish (36 in. in diameter)
- to bring in fewer channels (up to 77), but costs less up front
- (a $150 installation charge) since customers are allowed to
- lease rather than buy the dishes. Primestar, which has just
- completed going digital, is planning to launch a second satellite
- next year, which it promises will boost its capacity to 200-plus
- channels by mid-1996. A third company, EchoStar Communications,
- intends to launch its own satellite next year and promises a
- service that will eventually provide up to 250 channels.
- </p>
- <p> DBS's most obvious market is the 10 million to 12 million homes,
- largely in rural areas, that are not reached by cable. (About
- 3.6 million of these currently have one of the older-generation
- big dishes.) But why would an urban cable customer be induced
- to switch to a dish? The home-satellite companies are trumpeting
- their higher-quality picture and CD-quality sound, as well as
- a larger array of channels. Primestar, for example, offers a
- package of 14 regional sports networks that provide college
- football games on Saturday, and DirecTV will soon offer pro
- fans a full complement of 10 to 12 n.f.l. games on Sunday (cost:
- $49.95 for five weekends). DSS also offers 50 pay-per-view movie
- channels, with a selection of films repeated continuously at
- half-hour intervals so viewers can see them at virtually any
- time they wish.
- </p>
- <p> DBS still has serious drawbacks compared with cable. Despite
- the space-age technology, satellite dishes cannot deliver one
- very homely piece of the media pie: local stations. To get them,
- satellite customers must either switch back to an ordinary antenna
- or maintain their basic cable service. Despite a better-quality
- picture, moreover, DBS depends on a clear line of sight to the
- southern sky (where DBS satellites are floating 22,000 miles
- above the earth) and can be disrupted by storms. And bugs still
- remain in the digital picture quality: very fast action, such
- as football plays, can sometimes break up. Perhaps more seriously
- for the future, DBS is incapable of providing full interactivity,
- as cable eventually will. All of which, cable executives argue,
- means DBS will be a fringe nuisance, not a major threat. "Their
- first 1 million customers will be easy," says Robert Thomson,
- senior vice president of Tele-Communications Inc., the nation's
- largest cable operator. "But then the rubber will meet the road."
- </p>
- <p> Media analysts forecast that the industry will pick up 8 million
- to 10 million customers by the year 2000. Early sales reports
- from DSS's initial campaign have been encouraging: according
- to the backers, dishes have sold out in the 41 states where
- they have been marketed, and 28% of the early buyers are cable
- subscribers. (Only 12% retained their cable after getting a
- dish.) Still, many industry observers are cautious. Tom Wolzien,
- an analyst with Sanford C. Bernstein & Co., a New York City
- investment firm, predicts that dbs might steal away 1% of cable's
- growth over the next five to six years--"which isn't a killer."
- However, with the cable industry chafing under federal regulations
- that have put a cap on rates, any inroads could be damaging.
- "Even losing a few percentage points at the margins can have
- a significant impact," says Paul Bortz, a Denver-based telecommunications
- consultant.
- </p>
- <p> At the very least, the aggressive new competition will provide
- an incentive for cable companies to improve service and hold
- down what they can charge. As for the long term, much depends
- on how quickly cable can deliver on the long-promised, fully
- interactive 500-channel universe. If it takes too long--or
- consumer demand for such futuristic services turns out to be
- less than anticipated--cable's rivals may succeed in grabbing
- a significant portion of the business. "Cable talks about the
- information highway," says Neal Bobrick, sales vice president
- of Soundtrack, an electronics chain that sells dishes. "But
- we are here right now."
- </p>
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-